David Wilkerson was an evangelist who followed God’s call to preach the gospel to the inner-city gangs of New York City. When Wilkerson first arrived, he was troubled by what he saw. These gang members—most of them still practically youths—were immersed in drug addiction, orgies, and hate-filled violence. When he first began to preach the gospel, many rejected his message. He told them that what they were seeking in drugs and sex could only be found ultimately in Jesus Christ.

He would preach “Jesus loves you” from John 3:16 and many would sneer at him. There were others, however, who said “You’re coming through, Preach,” which meant his words were starting to pierce their hearts. He was getting through to them.

But Nicky Cruz, the notorious Puerto Rican leader of the Mau Maus (one of the gangs Wilkerson evangelized), got fed up with Wilkerson’s preaching. When Wilkerson urged Cruz to receive Jesus, he pulled out his switchblade and yelled, “You come near me and I’ll kill you!” Wilkerson replied, “Yeah, you could do that. You could cut me up into a thousand pieces and lay them in the street, and every piece will still love you.”[1]

Later, Nicky Cruz went forward at one of Wilkerson’s altar calls and surrendered his life to Jesus. Cruz would eventually become an evangelist alongside Wilkerson and later the director of Teen Challenge.

A Pharisee Sits Down with Jesus

What can explain the change in Cruz? According to the Bible, the answer is the new birth. The new birth can also be called regeneration; it speaks to the inward renewal of the spirit caused by the Spirit of God when someone comes to saving faith in Jesus. Regeneration is not something that only “varsity Christians” experience; it is the experience by which we become Christians. In other words, the commonly used phrase “born again Christian” is as redundant as “unmarried bachelor” or “unexpected surprise.”

The Apostle Peter tells his fellow believers, “[Y]ou have been born again, not of perishable seed but of imperishable, through the living and abiding word of God” (1 Peter 1:23, ESV). The Spirit of God takes the message about Jesus and His salvation and uses that to bring forth new life.

One night, a religious ruler of the Jews named Nicodemus came to see Jesus. He came at night because he didn’t really want his colleagues to know he was seeking an audience with Jesus. After all, what could the religious elite possibly learn from this upstart rabbi out of Nazareth? Nicodemus was a Pharisee, a teacher of the law, born of nobility, and a sage among his people.[2] Nevertheless, he recognized there is something unique about this Jesus.

This man came to Jesus by night and said to him, “Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher come from God, for no one can do these signs that you do unless God is with him.” (John 3:2, ESV)

Nicodemus was accustomed to being the man with all the answers. He went to seminary and law school. He was a “ruler of the Jews,” not a follower. He was a sitting member of the Sanhedrin, the governing body who ruled over Israel with the consent of the higher authority, Rome. Thus, Nicodemus wasn’t used to seeking wisdom from someone who lacked all the requisite credentials.

Seeing the Kingdom

Nicodemus says, “We know who you are Jesus. Your miracles indicate God’s blessing on your ministry. But we’ve got you figured out. You’re a teacher come from God.” Like many today, Nicodemus was happy to say Jesus was a great man or prophet, but not a Savior.

Nicodemus thought he had Jesus figured out, but it was actually Jesus that knew everything about Nicodemus. He knew what was in this Pharisee’s heart (2:25). He knew about the deep void within. And despite Nicodemus’s devout life, Jesus knew he still struggled to know if he could ever truly please God. He had no assurance of eternal life.

That explains why Jesus cuts right to the chase.

Jesus answered him, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God.” (John 3:3, ESV)

From the first day of His public ministry, Jesus had been announcing the arrival of God’s kingdom, and He made it clear that the people must respond with repentance and faith.

Jesus came into Galilee, proclaiming the gospel of God, and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.” (Mark 1:14-15, ESV)

But what did Jesus mean by saying “unless one is born again” he cannot even see the kingdom of God? Jesus was not talking about physical vision, but spiritual vision. Jesus was teaching that unless one experiences the new birth (regeneration), you will remain blinded by sin and trapped in spiritual darkness. Very often in Scripture, sight and blindness are ways of speaking about the condition of one’s heart.

“And even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing. In their case the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelievers, to keep them from seeing the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God.” (2 Corinthians 4:3-4, ESV)

Here, unbelievers are described as blind to “the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God.” The gospel is like a bright lantern carried into a darkened room. To see the kingdom is to see the King as the all-glorious One that He is. Writing to many who never saw Jesus on earth, John wrote, “No one who keeps on sinning has either seen Him or known Him” (1 John 3:6). This is the sight of faith that sees the glory of Jesus as the all-sufficient Savior that He is.

To Nicodemus’s ears, this all sounds impossible. He had lived a moral life, honored his parents, paid his taxes, and taught others the Law of God. What more could God ask of him? To be born again sounds like starting over, as if all his life had not moved him one inch closer to God.

Nicodemus said to him, “How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born?” Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.” (John 3:4-6, ESV)

One cannot see nor enter the kingdom of God unless one is first “born of water and the Spirit.” The new birth is essential to entering the kingdom. This is language about conversion. It is about those who were once dead in sins being made alive to the glory of God (Ephesians 2:1-5). It’s about being delivered “from the domain of darkness and transferred… to the kingdom of His beloved Son, in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins” (Colossians 1:13-14, ESV).

You Must Be Born Again

But what does Jesus mean by “born of water and the Spirit”? Some have seen this as a reference to baptism. However, there are a few reasons why this cannot be.

First, baptism is nowhere mentioned in this passage. It would be odd to insert a statement about the need for baptism with the phrase “born of water,” a description never used to describe baptism elsewhere.

Second, when Nicodemus later asks how these things could be, Jesus rebukes him as a teacher who ought to know this. He can say that because the Old Testament compares the Spirit’s regenerating work to water that cleanses us (Ezekiel 36:25-27). So, Nicodemus really should know what “born of water and the Spirit” means as a teacher of God’s Word.

Third, Jesus is speaking about the supernatural work of God. That’s why He says, “That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.” In other words, flesh cannot accomplish the new birth. It is a work of the Spirit alone. Human effort, self-improvement, and works-based religion cannot do the work of the Spirit. Jesus compares the Spirit’s work to the wind.[3] The wind is something you cannot harness or control, but it clearly changes whatever it touches (3:8).

What Jesus says to Nicodemus, He says to all of us: “You must be born again” (v. 7).

Many imagine that Christianity is about cleaning ourselves up so that God will accept us, but nothing could be farther from the truth of the gospel. We could never scrub away our guilt before a holy God, but “the blood of Jesus his Son cleanses us from all sin” (1 John 1:7, ESV). Our message is: “You must be made a new creation in Christ!” (2 Corinthians 5:17). At its heart, Christianity is not about turning over a new leaf; it’s about receiving new life. It’s not about forming new habits; it’s about receiving a new heart.

"And I will give you a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you. And I will remove the heart of stone from your flesh and give you a heart of flesh." (Ezekiel 36:26, ESV)

What gave David Wilkerson the Spirit-filled boldness to go preach the gospel to a bunch of thugs, runaways, and prostitutes was his firm conviction that when people truly encounter Jesus Christ, they are changed. Without that belief, he would have given up on guys like Nicky Cruz when he pulled a knife on him.

Have you been born again? While only the Holy Spirit can regenerate our spirits and make us new, we are called to repent and receive Jesus into our life. Yield to Him and ask the Lord to make you new on the inside. Once you do, you will not stay the same.

“No one born of God makes a practice of sinning, for God’s seed abides in him; and he cannot keep on sinning, because he has been born of God.” (1 John 3:9, ESV)

Have thoughts on this post? Feel free to comment below!

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[1] This story is recounted in David Wilkerson’s book The Cross and the Switchblade.

[2] Nicodemus is a Greek name, not Aramaic. If you were born to an upper class Jewish family, it wasn’t uncommon for your parents to give you two names: a Jewish name and a Greek name. In such a family, you were well-educated in the Greek language and literature. Furthermore, the first century Jewish historian, Josephus, mentions one of his friends who was the son of a Jewish leader named Nicodemus, who quite possibly was the one we are reading about here. And Josephus says that he came from a long line of Jewish nobility. So, very likely, this Nicodemus was a well-educated, cultured, and wealthy man.

[3] The same word for “Spirit” (pneuma) is used for “wind.”